Chicago Style Citation

Chicago style citation follows the rules outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style.  These rules tell you how to refer to information sources within the text of your paper, and also how to cite your sources in the bibliography at the end.  Chicago style is most often used by writers and editors of scholarly books and journals.  Depending on the discipline, there are two systems that can be used to cite things in the Chicago style.  Those in the disciplines of literature, history, and the arts often prefer the notes and bibliography system.  Those in the disciplines of physical, natural and social sciences usually prefer the author-date system.  If you aren't sure which to use, check with your professor.

Author-Date System

(preferred by writers in the physical, natural, and social sciences)

Text Citations

Basic Form

(Pacini 1997)

Specific References
(Fischer and Siple 1990, 212n3)

More than Three Authors
(Zipursky, Smith, et al. 1997)

Multiple References
(Armstrong and Malacinski 1989; Beigl 1989; Pickett and White 1985)

Reference List

Journal Article

Heckathorn, D.D. 1990. Collective sanctions and compliance

norms: A formal theory of group-mediated social control. American Sociological Review 55:366-84.

Book

Kasper, L.R. 1999. The Italian country table: Home cooking

from Italy’s farmhouse kitchens. New York: Scribner, 1999.

Online Book

Kurland, P.B., and R. Lerner, eds. 2000. The founders’

constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
 

Notes and Bibliography System

(preferred by writers in history, literature and the arts)

Notes

Journal Article
  1.  Douglas D. Heckathorn, “Collective Sanctions and Compliance Norms: A Formal Theory of Group-Mediated Social Control,” American Sociological Review 55 (1990): 370.

Journal Article Found in Online Database
  2.  Richard R. Reich,  Mark S. Goldman, and Jane A. Noll, “Using the False Memory Paradigm to Test Two Key Elements of Alcohol Expectancy Theory,” Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12 (2004): 105,  http://www.csa.com/psycarticles.

Book
  2.  Lynne Rossetto Kasper, The Italian Country Table: Home Cooking from Italy’s Farmhouse Kitchens (New York: Scribner, 1999), 10-11.

Online Book
  3.  Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders ’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), chap. 9, doc. 3, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

Online Books Accessed Through NetLibrary (or another e-book provider)
  1.  Hal Hellman, Great Feuds in Science: Ten of the Liveliest Disputes Ever. (New York: John Wiley, 1998),  NetLibrary e-book.

Short Form (use for second, third, etc citations for works already listed, but not listed immediately before)
  4.  Kasper, Italian Country Table, 92.

Ibid. (use for work cited in note immediately preceding, unless preceding note has multiple references)
  5.  Ibid., 268-69.

Bibliography

Journal Article

Heckathorn, Douglas D. “Collective Sanctions and Compliance

Norms: A Formal Theory of Group-Mediated Social Control,” American Sociological Review 55 (1990): 366-84.

Journal Article Found in Online Database

Reich, Richard R., Goldman, Mark S., Noll, Jane A. , “Using the

False Memory Paradigm to Test Two Key Elements of Alcohol Expectancy Theory,” Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12, no. 2 (2004): 102-110.  http://www.csa.com/psycarticles.

Book

Kasper, Lynne Rossetto.  The Italian Country Table: Home

Cooking from Italy’s Farmhouse Kitchens. New York: Scribner, 1999.

Books published in Printed and Electronic Forms

Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’

Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.  Also available online at http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

Online Books Accessed Through NetLibrary (or another e-book provider)

Hellman, Hal. Great Feuds in Science: Ten of the Liveliest

Disputes Ever. New York: John Wiley, 1998.  NetLibrary e-book.

Repeated Names

Squire, Larry R. “The Hippocampus and the Neuropsychology of

Memory.” In Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, edited by W. Seifert, 491-511. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

_____.  Memory and Brain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
 

Adapted from Chicago Manual of Style.  15th ed.  University of Chicago Press, 2003. REF Z 253.U69 2003.